A ground-breaking new international study has revealed that Neanderthals may have been actively utilizing antibacterial treatments thousands of years before the advent of modern medicine. The research, published in the journal PLOS One, was conducted collaboratively by the University of Cologne, the University of Oxford, the University of Liège and Cape Breton University (CBU). While the physical recreation of these ancient compounds took place in Europe, the crucial biological testing that proved their medicinal efficacy was conducted entirely at CBU.